Saturday, December 28, 2019

Essay about The Influence on the Beatles on American Culture

The Beatles were more than their music. They influenced the lives of millions of people unlike any musicians before them. They were the first and most popular band in one of the most important music movements in American history, the British Invasion. The year 1964 was the year both the British Invasion and â€Å"Beatlemania† came to America and forever changed the landscape of music in the United States by introducing the genre of pop, as it is today. The Beatles changed the rules of music. Many things that are considered normal now were pioneered by the Beatles such as: creating compilation albums, expressing their views on world happenings through the media, musicians in movies, and even mass media advertising. The beatles†¦show more content†¦On February 9, 1964, Over 45% of America (roughly 73 million people) watched the Beatles’ debut US performance on the Ed Sullivan show. By the next morning, they had become the next big thing in America. Celebri ties and schoolchildren alike were wearing Beatles wigs so that they could imitate their new favorite musical act. They had brought a cheeky sense of humor, long recognizable hair, and a new upbeat pop sound that appealed to the general public. By April 6, they owned the top five hits on the billboard hot 100 list. At one point, the Beatles sang 14 of the Billboard top 100 songs in the country. On the Billboard top selling albums list, they owned the top two albums on the billboard charts at the same time. They won two Grammy’s for 1964: one for best new artist and one for best group performance. They toured in Britain, Australia, and a blockbuster North American tour. Women wanted them and men wanted to be like them. Their fame was completely unrivaled. And that was their success simply in the sphere of music. (Kaplan, 2004). During the next 10 years, the British foursome out of Liverpool went on to become the most successful musical act of all time. According to the Recording Industry Association of America, The Beatles are the best-selling musical act of all time in the United States. They released more than 40 different singles and albums that reached number one at one point or another. Rolling Stone magazine ranked them the #1 groupShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of The Beatles Legacy1271 Words   |  5 Pagesof communism. Americans were missing that little bit of excitement in their lives and people were very inhibited. They needed an outlet to let their suppressed feelings out. Then came four lads from England that would soon shock the world, who called themselves the Beatles. The Beatles in the 1960’s positively impacted America by changing the music industry and American youth culture, so that young people became more politically involved, freethinking, and independent. The Beatles legacy continuesRead MoreThe Impact Of Beatles On American Pop Culture1698 Words   |  7 Pagescoming artists such as The Beatles. The impact The Beatles had on society and society’s standards in the 1960s was so massive that their influences would last long into the future, even after the breakup of the band. The strides not only being made in music but in the culture of America were ones that would last for decades. Even today, 46 years after the breakup, the Beatles legacy is still kept alive through tributes and record sales are still skyrocketing. The Beatles were the most influentialRead MoreThe Beatles And Bob Dylan905 Words   |  4 PagesBritain and America have influenced and inspired one another for many years. Music was, and still is, a huge connecting factor between the two countries. The Beatles and Bob Dylan, two of the most famous artists of all time, demonstrate how Britain and America had a profound influence on each country’s music culture. 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Within the triangle of the Cultural Revolution of the 1960’s (sex, drugs, music), it is easy to establish the fact that music was the very pinnacle of it all. The rock ’n’ roll music of the 1960’s was very appealing to all teenagers around the world and no other music group than The Beatles inï ¬â€šuenced the world as much as they. Unknown at the time, these four young men from Liverpool ultimatelyRead MoreMusic And Music : Mozart And The Beatles Composed Pop And Rock920 Words   |  4 Pagescomposer of classical music who was regarded as on of the best composers that had ever lived. The Beatles were a British boy band who had revolutionized pop and rock music. Although Mozart composed classical music and The Beatles composed Pop and Rock, the two have something in common; they revolutionized music. The Beatles do share a similarity to classical music though. Growing up, the members of The Beatles listened to BBC radio, which played classical music and familiarized them with what classicalRead MoreThe Extrordinary Influence of the Beatles Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band 1780 Words   |  7 PagesFor thousands of years, music has been influencing people in extraordinary ways. The Beatles Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band should not be mistaken as an ordinary album. Without a doubt, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, an incredibly innovative album, stands as the most influential album of all time; it stands as a true masterpiece. People all around, especially artists, were influenced greatly by the innovations the album brought to the world of music. Many people have said that from

Friday, December 20, 2019

intercultural communication - 2808 Words

MGMT 329 TEST #1 REVIEW QUESTIONS CHAPTER 1 1. From an economic imperative perspective, why is it important to be able to communicate interculturally? Economic growth and stability of the U.S. are inextricably linked to world business partners The workplace in the U.S. reflects an increasing cultural diversity Economic imperative for intercultural competence is powerful, pervasive, and likely will increase U.S. workplace reflects the increasing cultural diversity that comprises the U.S. 2. From a technological imperative perspective, why is it Important to be able to communicate interculturally? Communication media and modern transportation systems contribute to the â€Å"global village† we live in Virtually†¦show more content†¦Ethnicity—a term that is used to refer to a wide variety of groups who might share a language, historical origin, religion, identification with a common nation-state, or cultural system â€Å"Ethnicity† is seen as a more encompassing term than culture—for example, one might say he/she is Greek but not share in the Greek culture 6. What is a â€Å"subculture†? â€Å"Co-culture†? Why do we generally avoid using these terms? Subculture is a term sometimes used to refer to a racial or ethnic minority group that shares both a common nation-state with other cultures and some aspects of the larger culture Co-culture is a term used to imply several cultures â€Å"co-existing† Both terms are often seen negatively as they imply subordination of one group to a larger, more dominate group 7. What are the six forces that create cultural differences? How are these forces interrelated and what is the consequence on cultures? History—unique experiences that have become a part of a culture’s collective wisdom Ecology—External environment inShow MoreRelatedIntercultural Communication21031 Words   |  85 PagesI. INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION. FRAMEWORK ...the single greatest barrier to business success is the one erected by culture. Edward T. Hall and Mildred Reed Hall Why study Intercultural Communication? Cultural diversity and multiculturalism are the realities of everyday life for almost everyone. The growth of interdependence of people and cultures in the global society of the twenty-first century has forced us to pay more attention to intercultural issues. In order to live and functionRead MoreSolving Intercultural Communication Problems1447 Words   |  6 Pages Sherwood Fleming s Intercultural Communication Insights . Home Services » CLEAR Method My Book Articles 50 Actions Glossary About QA Contact . Solving Intercultural Communication Problems You are here:Home  » Intercultural Communication  » Solving Intercultural Communication Problems intercultural comunication problemsAre you are a manager or leader of an intercultural team? Or do you work within an intercultural company? If so, are you experiencingRead MoreIntercultural Communication : Communication And Communication1676 Words   |  7 PagesJasmin Starr-Mullins COM 440 W Final Term Paper Intercultural Communication The terms Culture,Globalization, and Communication are terms that we might hear quite often, but what is Intercultural communication? According to the dictionary, Intercultural Communication is often described as the interaction and exchange of communication between people of different cultures. Intercultural Communication dates back to the first interaction of mankind. Edward T. Hall, an American anthropologistRead MoreIntercultural Interpersonal Communication And Intercultural Communication Essay1301 Words   |  6 Pagesconcepts, one of which being the differences between intercultural and interpersonal communication. Intercultural communication is defined as â€Å"the process that occurs when members of two or more cultures or co-cultures exchange messages in a manner that is influenced by their different cultural perceptions and symbol systems, both verbal and nonverbal† (Adler et al., 2015, pg. 40). While most interactions seem to have some sense of intercultural aspect due to the great diversity not only in race butRead MoreIntercultural Communication And Nonverbal Communication Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Intercultural communication is a complex concept that encompasses and links to many other theories such as racism and verbal and nonverbal communication. Differing languages can dramatically affect intercultural communication between individuals due to language barriers however, due to some individuals uneducated and ignorant understanding of differing languages, it can also have other, more serious and negative consequences such as racism and discrimination of others. The links betweenRead MoreIntercultural Communication And Interpersonal Communication844 Words   |  4 PagesIntercultural communication is defined as when people communicate with one another who have different cultures. They may differ because of their languages, beliefs, values, and behavioral characteristics (Bennett, 1998). The intercultural communication plays a key role in globalization. It will help organizations to have a long-term success if they can manage the cultural differences and intercultural cooperat ion effectively to conflicts. Increasing shared knowledge and dealing with miscommunicationRead MoreIntercultural Communication : Communication And Communication975 Words   |  4 PagesBarriers to intercultural communication in the classroom settings ,the reason for picking this is because there are so many interesting ways you can turn this to in this paper .In a way that I am going to focus on the classroom setting of the barriers to intercultural communication between different cultures is a major topic for communication theorists. Today, both cultural and communication has evolved considerably and have become interdependent of one another. Intercultural communication is not new;Read MoreAnalyzing Intercultural Communication : An Intercultural Conflict1940 Words   |  8 PagesFilms are considered to be a very valuable tool when examining intercultural communications, because they depict the way people and cultures communicate their identities. In The Woman In Gold, Maria Altm ann, a Jewish refugee teams up with a young but determined lawyer, Randy Schoenberg (Reynolds), to reclaim the painting of her aunt, and with it, a part of her heritage. The painting, completed by the very famous Gustav Klimt, was stolen from her home during World War II. It was then displayed atRead MoreUnderstanding Language And Intercultural Communication856 Words   |  4 Pagesthat is shared between people can affect intercultural communication, one of which is improper translation, or the inability to translate at all. It’s very common for misunderstandings to occur even among people who speak the same language, so it’s to be expected that people who come from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds often face a lot of barriers when trying to communicate. While it can be easy to blame the other person for the communication issue, it’s very important to remember thatRead MoreEssay on Intercultural Communication2168 Words   |  9 Pageswe live in a culturally diverse society due to globalization. As our world grows, expands and become increasingly more interconnected, the need for effective interpersonal communication among differing cultures has become apparent. When people from different cultures interact with one another there is intercultural communication because different cultures create different interpretation and expectations about what is seen as competent behaviors that will enable the construction of shared meanings

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Irving Textual Analysis of The Legend Of Sllepy Hollows Essay Example For Students

Irving Textual Analysis of The Legend Of Sllepy Hollows Essay Textual Analysis of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow1.) Romantic Description:a. pg. 715 there is a little valley, or rather lap of land, among high hills, which is one of the quietest places in the whole world.   A small brook glides through it, with just a murmur enough to lull one to repose; and the occasional whistle of a quail, or tapping of a woodpecker, is almost the only sound that ever breaks in upon the uniform tranquility. Irving describes nature as an untouchable force.   He ignores the realism of nature and reveals only the beauty it holds.   It is the stereotypical description of Mother Nature.   Irving makes it sound so tranquil as if this place doesn’t exist in this world.c. pg 731 Its limbs were gnarled, and fantastic, large enough to form trunks of ordinary trees, twisting down almost to the earth, and rising again into the air. The tree is almost created into somewhat of a creature.   With the limbs twisting out and rising into the air.   Irving takes ordinary earthlike objects and changes the perspective of them into imaginary matter.2.) Avoidance of Controversy/Digressions:a. pg 717 . some little, tough, wrong-headed, broad-skirted Dutch urchin, who sulked and swelled and grew dogged and sullen beneath the birch.   All this he called doing his duty by their parents; and he never inflicted a chastisement without following it by the assurance, so consolatory to the smarting urchin, which he would remember it, and thank him for it the longest day he had to live.   When school hours were over.Irving constantly made fun of the Dutch, and this is one of those examples.   He calls them wrong-headed and mocks their appearance by criticizing their  broad-skirted dress.   Then to avoid the controversy he changes the subject and goes straight into the next thing. b. pg 728 The musician was an old gray headed Negro, who had been the itinerant orchestra of the neighborhood for more than half a century.   His instrument was as old and battered as himself.Here, Irving tries to avoid the subject of slavery and human rights. He tries to stay neutral on the issue.   He described the black man as battered and old showing the inequality of the two races, in a sense avoiding the whole slavery situation during that time period.    3.) American Character Types: a. pg 722. .cts women as a bit lazy because in the passage they jut sit around talking, eating, and having a good time and have no work to do. Therefore, implying that men do all the work and the women just lounge around. 8.) Use of American History:a. pg 719 He was, moreover, esteemed by the women as a man of great erudition, for he had read several books quite through, and was a perfect master of Cotton Mathers history of New England Witchcraft, in which, by the way, he most firmly and potently believed.Irving refers to an actual historical event by mentioning that Ichabod was a firm believer in Cotton Mathers writing about the Salem witch trials. Irving is pretty accurate because it is actually a real book and was commonly read.   He references to the literary works of the time and the thoughts that people had about the world during the time. b. pg 728 ;The British and American line had run near it during the war; it had, therfore, been the scene of marauding, and infested with refugees, cow-boys, and all kinds of border chivalry.;Irving does use an historical American setting, America and the British were engaged in war at the time and had battles around that.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

A Introduction to Management

Question: Each student is required to conduct and document a Critical Analysis of four of theself-assessment activities undertaken in the tutorial.The critical analysis for each topic requires: Presenting a brief review of your self-assessment findings. Presenting a critical analysis of the findings. Discussion of theories that can explore and explain the findings. Reflecting on the results of your self-analysis, discuss your strengths and weaknesses as a manager. Based on these findings outline an action plan that will help you develop as a manager. Answer: 1. Introduction The process or function to co-ordinate the effort of people in an organization is known as management. The main objective of management is to achieve goals and objectives by using the available resources in an efficient and effective manner. Management is a mix of planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling an organization to achieve the target set by the company. Management is also the effective utilization of resources, including the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources (Cleland King, 1972). Management is also an academic discipline, a social science whose objective is to study social organization. It can also be considered as a social science targeted towards studying the processes and management strategies in use by an organization. Management is considered to be the integrating force in all the organized activities. Whenever two or more persons try to come up working together, then they have to co-ordinate their activities in some way to increase the productivity and efficiency. They also have to organize the resources available with them to make their optimum utilization. Management is required not only in business organizations but also in places like schools, pubs, shops and almost everywhere. It is an integral part of work, without management it would be very difficult to get any work done effectively (Johnston, 2008). These places also require the optimum utilization of resources and also the effective co-ordination between different departments and people working together, in order to produce an effective and efficient result. So it could be truly said that management is not only required in business organization but is a mandatory in all types of social organizations. Management is a vital aspect of huma n society, whenever or wherever co-ordination between two or more different people or departments is needed, and management plays its role in it. There are many forms of management, one or another form come into play whenever organized activity is performed by a group of individuals (Koontz, O'Donnell Weihrich, 1980). It is to be noted that in every aspect of life we need to utilize the resources in such a manner that the result obtained is the most effective and the process followed is the most efficient. This is possible only by involving management activities in, leading the team and organizing the behavior (Ebun, 1998). This paper focuses on the analysis of some of the key points of marketing and what is their role overall in developing the organization. These points to be covered are as follows: 2. Organizational Structure and Design Organizational structure can be defined as the process of task allocation, scheduling and hierarchy activities in the quest to achieve the goal set for the organization. There can be many ways in which an organization can be structured, depending on its objective. Organizational structure is responsible for organizational action in two main ways. It provides the environment for standard operating procedures and routines. It also determines who gets to participate in the decision-making processes (Jung, 1923). 2.1 Types of Structure Following are the popular structures which exist in an organization: 1. Pre-Bureaucratic Structure This type of structure is prevalent mostly in small organizations. It lacks standardization of task, and is favourable for small activities only. It is totally a centralized structure, and the owner or the key person is the one making all the decisions (Gibbons, 2007). It is useful for new entrepreneurs, as it provides them complete control on their business. 2. Bureaucratic Structure This type of structure consists of a number of levels in the management process, and everyone is aware of their roles and their powers. They also are aware about who is the boss and to whom they should report. Strategic decision making is simple in this structure, but is not a good place for creativity. 3. Post Bureaucratic Structure Similar to its predecessor, there are still levels of management, but now there exist some level of relaxation to give place and atmosphere for nurturing new ideas (Latreille, 2010). 4. Functional Structure Highly standardized structure with high level of efficiency is the identity of this kind of structure. Employees are experts of their realms as proper conditions are provided to them to develop. Co-ordination is practices between all the departments and individuals. 5. Divisional Structure This employs the practice of creating divisions of work for specific task, with a delegated authority in that division, responsible for all the operations and performance of it (Ross Beath, 2002). This type of structure makes the work division clear and put responsibility on central person of that division, making it easier to provide and achieve the goals. 6. Matrix Structure It is seen in large organizations where there are more than one department functioning, every department is divisional in sub departments to divide the power and increase the efficiency. But it has dis-advantages of complex structure and confused employees. 7. Organizational Structure Used normally in the small organizations, this is one of the most popular structures formed till date, consisting of a well formed and very capable top order management, a very efficient middle order management and a firm bottom level management, providing strength to the entire organization (Goleman, 2002). These are the various types of organizational structures existing, and are used according to the need of an organization. Choice of a structure depends completely on the psychology and size of the organization. According to the above discussion, a proper structure of an organization is very important as this helps in creating a base for an organization. Various organizations had grown even in the tough situation just from a good structure of organization. While having the self-assessment about the organizational structure it can be said that the organization structure should be chosen according to the objective and requirement of the organization. As a manager what I would prefer is a structure which could provide me total control on the ongoing activities in my organization, like FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE, which keeps me the boss of overall activities while employing the domain specialists as the responsible persons for their respective domain. In this way de-centralizing the authority for quicker decision making and providing complete control over all the processes. In addition to this liabilities are decided and hence output is better and named (Blanchard Fabrycky, 1990). As a manager my strengths related to the organization structure is the understanding of the theory of organizational structure how the theories related to the organizational structure should be applied and theoretical strategies to be used but my weakness is the practical implementation of these theories in the real world. 3. Human Resource Management Human resource managementis a process in organizations formed to increase employee performance in service to meet the employers goals.HRs primary task is concerned with how people are managed within organizations, focusing on the policies and systems used in the organization.HR is typically responsible for activities, includingrecruitment,trainingand development,performance appraisal, and rewarding.Human resources also takes care of the task of cross industrial relations, i.e. they balance the different practices within an organization with the regulations which arise as a result of collective bargaining as well as governmental laws. HRM is also related to a strategic as well as a comprehensive approach of managing people, the culture of the workplace and its environment. The Human Resource Management is said to be effective if it is able to make the employees contribute towards the organization effectively as well as productively and helps the organization to achieve its goal and fulfil its objectives (Cleland King, 1972). According to the above discussion it can be analysed that the human resource manager is an important part of an organization which includes the management of employees by performing various strategies and tasks. The tasks include the recruitment of employees, training of employees, reward and bonus programs which keeps the interest of employees towards the work. As a Human Resource Manager, my primary task is to achieve the trust of my employees, because without gaining their trust no manager can function properly and make decision benefitting the organization. As Ill be involved in the recruitment and overall functioning of an employee, so I would prefer the employees who are experts in their domain or even if they are not experts but then too enthusiasm and the zeal to achieve the targets on time is a must for all the employees. I would like to take care of all the grievances (if any) of them, so that they could feel safe working and produce more, providence of better working atmosphere is a primary key to achieve success for any organization, and that would be my criteria too (Akanni, 1987). Discipline is to be maintained to keep a check on the operations and to monitor the growth and output. As a human resource manager my strength is my leadership quality. The other strengths of mine are my capability of understanding the need of organization in terms of employee or human resource requirements and motivating quality. My weakness as a human resource manager is that I believe on people very early. Employees may be able to make me fool very easily. 4. Functions of Management Below given are the various functions of management: 1. Planning: It is the most important and crucial part of any organization. The management has to do everything after planning it first and then implementing the process. Without an effective planning no organization can carry on its work efficiently. It is required to know the possible outcome before-hand and then acting accordingly. 2. Organizing: Managers have to organize the resource available with them efficiently to get the work done effectively without requiring any external agent to come into play and increase the production cost or increase the overtime (Akanni, 1987). A well-organized organization always has a good strategy to utilize all those resources and carry on with its processes smoothly. 3. Staffing: Employing an effective and efficient staff is very important for an organization. As an enthusiastic employee filled with energy and efficient in working is an asset to any organization. As hell be producing output equivalent to ten poor and lazy employees all together, hence it is considered to be one of the most important function of management. 4. Directing: Directing or Leading the organization is a very important task to accomplish, without an effective leader the entire staff will go bind and will not be able to perform the duties effectively (Colin, 1986). An efficient leader can bring laurels to the organization by leading his team effectively. 5. Co-ordination: This is the basic task accomplished by management, it is to act as a binding agent between the various departments of an organization to work effectively and produce best output. According to the above discussion it can be easily said that the foundation of behavior include the various factors related to the organization. Planning, organizing, staffing, Directing and coordinating are main functions of any management. These are the basic functions of any management which help in managing the organization with a powerful management capacity. As a manager, the above given functionalities are the key points on which I would operate. A good plan when well executed provides the best results, and the planning phase starts from the very beginning. Staffing comes as an implementation part, choosing the best people for the organization is the first stepping st6one towards the success (Miller Dalglish, 2011), motivation the employees to work hard and directing them towards the goal and providing them the best guidance so that they could achieve their goal in time and efficiently is the total process of implementation. Once well-coordinated, these all functions provide the desired outcome and proves the plan was successful. My strengths as a manager is that I can coordinate with the employees, I can direct the employees for various tasks under me but main weakness of mine is to plan well but planning is a very important task for any management to get success for the task. The other weakness of mine is to defining the objectives of any task means I always have a clear image of the objective but I can express those objectives in words. 5. Understanding Groups and Teams An organization comprises of various levels of management. These levels have varying degree of powers vesting with them, enabling them to take authoritative decisions at their levels in the benefit of the company. They act as the leaders to the people working below them, and guide them to achieve better results. Various levels of management are described as below: 1. Top Management: It is the ultimate source of authority, all the goals are laid down by them for the organization, and it is their responsibility to make new policies for the organization (Miller Dalglish, 2011). They devote most of their time in planning and thinking of how to maximize the output from the available resources. They are directly answerable to the company owners and to the people whose money is on stake with the companys performance. They are also known as the policy maker group. Main functions for them are: Establishing goals Making policies Framing organizational structure Effective control Overall leadership 2. Middle Management: They act as a link between the top and the lower level of management. They are responsible for the top management to carry out effectively their departments (Mackenzie, 1969). They mainly focus on organizing the resources available, and devote their most of the time in making the policies carried out effectively. Their main functions are: Act as link Interpret policies Recruitment Assigning activities Motivation 3.Lower Management: They form the base of the operations, also known as the front line managers. They are in direct contact with the workers and face the direct blows of the market. Their work is to manage the staff and lead them to achieve the goals set by the top management. They report to the middle management about the current situation thus making them aware about the process going on and helping them to form policies to deal with it (Mackenzie, 1969). Teams and groups are very essential to understand and manage for any organization to accomplish any task. According to our analysis in large organization, the projects are also large thus a project cant be accomplished by a single person. There is a requirement of full team or group on that project. The management of whole team is very necessary for an organization to complete any project efficiently and effectively. As a manager, working in any of the group would require a lot of patience and knowledge to achieve success. In addition to these qualities one would require a keen foresightedness to foresee what is going to happen next and act accordingly beforehand. Motivational skills are a must and directing the employees towards the goals is mandatory. A blend of all these makes a true manager. As a team manager my strengths are that I can direct a team for any task very effectively and efficiently. I have the capability of motivating employees as well as self-motivation which helps me and my team even in critical situations. My weaknesses in managing a team are the assessment of the work. I cant get tough with any of the team member. 6. Summary Management is a practice to intermingle all the departments and co-ordinate between them to get the best result from the organization. Managers are the people responsible for carrying out this task. It is their responsibility to co-ordinate between different departments of the organizations working under different forms of organizations to carry out the processes effectively (Mittal, Anderson, Sayrak Tadikamalla, 2005). A manager must have excellent communication skills to make him achieve this goal. He is responsible for the overall functioning of an employee. All the plans for the welfare of the organizations are framed by him, so he requires a better understanding of all the activities. This is because of the planning done by him while staffing and motivating the employees to work hard and directing them to achieve their goals while coordinating between all the departments. 7. References Akanni J.A (1987): management, Concepts, Techniques and Cases. Taa Printing Publishing Company, Ibadan. Blanchard, B.S. and Fabrycky, W.J. (1990). System Engineering and Analysis, 2nd ed., Prentice Hall. Colin, P. (1986).WHAT DO MANAGERS DO? A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE. Journal of management studies.23:1.Pg; 88-116. Cleland, D.I. King, W.R. (1972). Management: A Systems Approach, McGraw-Hill. New York. N.Y., Ebun, F.C (1998): Revision Notes on business Management. Federal Co-operative College, Ibadan. Financial Impact of Customer Satisfaction. Marketing Science (24:4): 544-559. Goleman, D. (2002).The New Leaders. Time Warner. London. Gibbons, M. (2007) Better Dispute Resolution: A Review of Employment Dispute Resolution in Great Britain. London: Department of Trade and Industry. Jung, C. (1923). Psychological types. Routledge and Kegan Paul. London. Johnston, T. (2008). Knowledge and use of mediation in SMEs. Acas Research. Paper 02/08. Koontz, H., O'Donnell, C. Weihrich H. (1980). Management 7th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y. Latreille, P. (2010 b). Mediation at work, of success, failure and fragility. Acas Research Paper 06/10 Latreille. MIT Sloan Management Review (43:2): 51-59. Miller, P. Dalglish, C. (2011). The Leader in You: Developing your leadership potential. Tilde University Press (Palgrave Macmillan). Melbourne. MacKenzie, R.A. (1969). "The Management Process in 3-D,".Harvard Business Review. Nov.-Dec. pp. 80-87. Mittal, V., Anderson, E.W., Sayrak, A. Tadikamalla, P. (2005) Dual Emphasis and the LongTerm Ross, J.W., Beath, C.M., (2002) Beyond the Business Case: New Approaches to IT Investment.